SYLLABUS FOR THE ENGINEERING STREAM OF EAMCET 2014:
PHYSICS
I.
MEASUREMENTS, UNITS AND DIMENSIONS : Introduction- units and
Dimensions, Accuracy, precision of measuring instruments, Constant
errors, systematic errors, environmental errors (errors due to
external causes). Error due to imperfection, Random errors, Gross
Errors, Absolute Errors, Mean absolute errors, Relative errors,
percentage errors, Errors due to addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, powers of observed quantities, Significant
figures, Fundamental and derived physical quantities / System of
Units, definition of units in SI, Rules for writing units in SI,
Derived units in SI, Multiple and submultiples of SI units,
Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations, dimensional constants
and dimensionless quantities. Principle of homogeneity of dimensions,
Conversion of one system of units into another, to check correctness
of an equation, to derive the relationship between different physical
quantities.
II.
ELEMENTS OF VECTORS : Classification of Physical quantities,
geometrical representation of vectors, addition of vectors, equality
of vectors, Resolution of a vector into components, null vector,
unit vector in Cartesian co-ordinate system, position vector and its
magnitude, Parallelogram law of addition of vectors, Derivation of
expression for the magnitude and the direction of resultant vector,
Special cases, Triangle law and polygon law of vectors, triangle law
of addition of vectors, polygon law of addition of vectors, concept
of relative velocity, application to relative motion of a boat in a
river, motion of a boat across a river, shortest path, shortest time,
Multiplication of vector with a scalar, product of two vectors,
scalar product or dot product of two vectors, properties of scalar
product, examples of scalar product, work done and energy, vector
product of two vectors, properties of vector product of two vectors,
examples of vector product of two vectors - torque, angular velocity
and angular momentum.
III.
KINEMATICS : Introduction : Motion in a straight line –
displacement, speed and velocity, Uniform and non-uniform motion,
average speed and instantaneous velocity, Uniformly accelerated
motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs, equations for
uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment), acceleration due
to gravity, equations of motion of a freely falling body,
Equations
of motion of an object vertically projected upwards from the ground,
Maximum height (H), Time of ascent, time of descent, velocity of the
body on returning to the point of projection, Vertical projection of
an object from a tower, Projectiles – oblique projection from
ground, equation of trajectory, maximum height, time of ascent, time
of flight, horizontal range, two angles of projection for the same
range, velocity of projection at any instant, horizontal projection
from the top of a tower, equation of trajectory, time of descent,
range, velocity of the projectile (at any instant).
IV.
DYNAMICS : Introduction- Newton’s laws of motion, applications
of Newton’s laws. Objects suspended by strings, Atwood machine,
blocks placed in contact with each other on frictionless horizontal
surface, apparent weight in a lift, Impulse, law of conservation of
linear momentum, conservation of linear momentum during collision,
work, power, energy, K.E. & P.E. definition and derivation for
both, Relation between KE and Linear momentum, conservative and
non-conservative forces, workenergy theorem, Law of conservation of
energy in case of freely falling body and vertically projected body.
V.
COLLISIONS: Introduction – Elastic and inelastic collisions,
Collisions in one dimension (Elastic collision only), body at
rest,
bodies moving in same direction and opposite directions, Co-efficient
of restitution, definition, equation for height attained
for
freely falling body after number of rebounds on floor.
VI.
CENTRE OF MASS (CM): Introduction- Centre of mass, difference between
centre of mass and centre of gravity, coordinates of centre of mass,
centre of mass of particles along a line, centre of mass of system of
particles in a plane, center of mass of system of particles in space,
motion of centre of mass (Velocity and acceleration of CM),
characteristics of centre of mass, laws of motion of the centre of
mass, velocity and acceleration, explosion.
VII.
FRICTION : Introduction - cause of friction, advantages of friction,
disadvantages of friction, methods of reducing friction, types of
friction, static friction, kinetic (or) dynamic friction, rolling
friction, Distinction between static and dynamic friction.
Normal
reaction, laws of friction, static friction, kinetic friction or
Dynamic friction, Rolling friction, Angle of friction, motion of body
on rough horizontal plane, motion of bodies on an inclined plane,
Body at rest on the plane-Angle of repose-when the body is just ready
to slide, when the body is sliding down. Motion of a body on smooth
and rough inclined plane, body sliding down the plane, body sliding
up the plane, pushing and pulling of a lawn roller. A lawn roller on
a horizontal surface pulled by an inclined force, a roller on
horizontal surface pushed by an inclined force.
VIII.
ROTATORY MOTION : Introduction, uniform circular motion, concept of
angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration,
relation between linear velocity and angular velocity, centripetal
acceleration and force, torque, couple (concepts, units, dimensional
formula and examples), Vector representation of torque, Moment of
Inertia(MI), definition, units, parallel and perpendicular axes
theorems. Expressions for MI of a thin rod, uniform disc, rectangular
lamina, solid and hollow spheres, circular ring and cylinder (no
derivations needed), angular momentum, relation between angular
momentum and torque, law of conservation of angular momentum with
examples, Motion in vertical circle.
IX.
GRAVITATION: Introduction- Basic forces in nature, Nature of gravity,
law of universal gravitation, Relation between Universal
gravitational constant (G) and acceleration due to gravity (g),
variation of ‘g’ with altitude, depth, latitude and shape
of the earth, characteristics of gravitational force, limitations of
Newton’s third law, gravitational field, field strength,
properties of gravitational fields, Origin of black holes,
Chandrashekar limit, neutron star, Frames of reference, Inertial and
Non- inertial frames, Inertial and Gravitational mass & relation
between them, Principle of equivalence, Escape and Orbital
velocities, definition, derivation of expressions and relation
between them, Geostationary satellites and their uses.
X.
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM): Introduction- simple harmonic motion
examples, SHM explanation by reference circle, expression for
displacement, amplitude, velocity, acceleration, time period,
frequency, phase, initial phase (epoch) - Simple pendulum, expression
for time period, loaded spring, expression for time period, force
constant, PE and KE of simple harmonic oscillator, Total Energy of
Simple Harmonic Oscillator, Law of conservation of energy in the
case of a simple pendulum.
XI.
ELASTICITY: Introduction- Elasticity and plasticity, stress, strain,
Hook’s law, Moduli of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio,
definition and its limit, Behavior of a wire under gradually
increasing load- Elastic fatigue, strain energy - experimental
determination of Young’s modulus of wire.
XII.
SURFACE TENSION: Introduction - surface tension, definition -
Examples, molecular theory of surface tension. Surface energy, Angle
of contact, capillarity-examples in daily life, Determination of
surface tension by capillary rise method – theory and
experiment. Effect of temperature on surface tension, excess pressure
in liquid drops and soap bubbles.
XIII.
FLUID MECHANICS: Introduction - Principle of Buoyancy- pressure in a
fluid - Streamline flow – Bernoulli’s theorem - equation
with derivation – applications-aerodynamic lift, motion of a
spinning ball, Illustrations of Bernoulli’s theorem.
Viscosity
– explanation, coefficient of viscosity, effect of temperature
on viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Motion of objects through
fluids. Stokes formula, net force on the object, terminal velocity.
XIV.
TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL EXPANSION OF MATERIALS: Introduction- concept
of temperature, Measurement of temperature, Fahrenheit, Centigrade
scales of temperature, their relation (only formulae)- Different
types of thermometers (brief theoretical description). Vibration of
atoms in a solid, PE curve, Anharmonicity of vibrations, explanation
for expansion in solids. Coefficients of linear, areal and cubical
expansion, definitions, Expressions & Relation between these
coefficients of expansions, change of density with temperature,
examples in daily life.
Introduction-
coefficients of real and apparent expansion of liquids, relation
between them with derivation, Determination of coefficient of
apparent expansion of liquids by specific gravity bottle method,
Anomalous expansion of water, its significance in nature.
Introduction
- volume and pressure coefficients of gases, relation between them
and derivation. Determination of volume coefficient-Regnault’s
method. Determination of pressure coefficient-Jolly’s bulb
method. Kelvin scale of temperature, Boyle’s and Charle’s
laws. Ideal gas equation, derivation, significance of Universal gas
constant.
XV.
THERMODYNAMICS: Introduction - Quasi-static and cyclic process,
reversible and irreversible processes, Heat and Temperature, Zeroeth
law of Thermodynamics, definition of Calorie, Joule’s law and
mechanical equivalent of heat, Internal energy, First law of
thermodynamics, equation and explanation. Heat capacity, specific
heat, experimental determination of specific heat by the method of
mixtures. pecific heats of a gas (Cp and Cv), External work done by
a gas during its expansion. Relation between Cp and Cv derivation,
Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Relation between P, V and T in
these processes. Expression for work done in Isothermal process (no
derivation), expression of work done in adiabatic process (no
derivation). Heat engines and refrigerators (only qualitative
treatment). Three phases of matter, Triple point – Triple point
of water. Latent heat, Determination of latent heat of vaporization
of water, Second law of thermodynamics – different statements.
XVI.
TRANSMISSION OF HEAT: Introduction - conduction of heat, coefficient
of thermal conductivity, convection- Type of convections, Nature and
properties of Thermal radiation, Prevost’s theory of heat
exchange - emission power and absorptive power - Black body
radiation, Kirchoff’s law and its applications – Stefan’s
law – Newton’s law of cooling.
XVII.
WAVE MOTION: Longitudinal and transverse waves, Equation for a
progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of
waves, Formation of waves on a stretched string, laws of vibrating
strings, experimental verification by Sonometer, Sound:
Characteristics of sound, speed of sound in solids, liquids and gases
(only formula to be given), Forced Vibrations, Free Vibrations,
Resonance with examples, standing waves in Organ Pipes, Open Pipes,
Closed Pipes, Fundamental frequency-Overtones, Harmonics, definition
and explanation, Beats definition and its importance. Doppler
Effect, Definition, derivation of relation for apparent frequency of
a sound note emitted by a source for the cases a) only source is
moving, b) only listener is moving, c) both source and listener are
moving. Applications and limitations of Doppler EffectEchoes,
Absorption of sound waves, Reverberation – Reverberation Time,
Fundamentals of building Acoustics – Statement of Sabine’s
Law.
XVIII.
OPTICS: Nature of Light, Newton’s corpuscular Theory, Huygen’s
Wave Theory- Electromagnetic spectrum. Huygen’s Explanation of
Reflection and Refraction of plane waves at a plane surface.
Refraction through prism, Derivation of Refractive index of material
of prism for minimum deviation, critical angle, Total Internal
Reflection, Relation between Critical angle and Refractive Index,
application of total internal reflection to Optical fibers. Defects
in Images: Spherical and Chromatic aberrations and reducing these
defects, Different methods (qualitative treatment). Optical
Instruments: Microscope, Telescope, Formula for magnification of
Microscope, Astronomical and Terrestrial Telescopes. Construction of
Ramsden’s and Huygen’s eye pieces with ray diagrams.
Dispersion of light, dispersive power, pure and impure spectra,
condition for obtaining pure spectrum, different kinds of spectra–
Emission spectra, Line, Band and continuous spectra, bsorption
spectra, Fraunhofer lines and their significance.
XIX.
PHYSICAL OPTICS: Interference – condition for interference,
Young’s double slit experiment – Derivation for Intensity
and fringe width – Uses of interference, Diffraction: Fresnel
and Fraunhofer diffraction (Qualitative only). Polarisation: Concepts
of Polarisation. Plane Polarisation of Light by Reflection,
Refraction and Double Refraction (Polaroids).
XX.
MAGNETISM: Coulomb’s Inverse Square Law, Definition of Magnetic
Field, Magnetic Lines of Force- Uniform and Non –Uniform
Magnetic Fields. Couple acting on a bar magnet placed in a uniform
magnetic field, Definition of magnetic moment of magnet. Magnetic
Induction due to a bar magnet on axial and equatorial lines.
Superposition of magnetic fields, Tangent Law, Deflection
Magnetometer. Comparison of Magnetic Moments in Tan A, Tan B
positions by equal distance method and Null Method, Verification of
Inverse Square Law. Vibration Magnetometer- Principle and
Description, Experimental determination of M and BH (earth’s
horizontal component) using Vibration Magnetometer.
Types
of magnetic materials – Para, Dia, and Ferro Magnetism –
Definition and properties.
XXI.
ELECTROSTATICS: Charges – conservation of charge and additive
property of charges. Coulomb’s Law : Permittivity of Free Space
and Permittivity of Medium, Force between two point charges. Force
due to multiple charges – Principle of superposition with
examples. Electric field, Electric lines of force, their properties,
Electric field intensity definition, electric intensity due to
isolated charge and due to multiple charges. Electrostatic Potential,
Definition of Electrostatic Potential in an electric field- Potential
due to single charge and multiple charges, Electrostatic potential
energy- Relation between electrostatic potential and electric
intensity.
Electric
Flux & Gauss Law: Electric Flux Definition, Gauss Law-Statement
of Gauss Law, Application of Gauss Law to find electric intensity and
electrostatic Potential due to continuous charge distribution of
Infinite Long wire, Infinite Plane Sheet and Spherical Shell.
Capacitance, Definition of Electrical Capacity of a Conductor,
Capacitance, Dielectric constant, Definition of Condenser, its uses,
Parallel plate Condenser, Formula for Capacitance of Parallel Plate
Condenser, Dielectric, Dielectric Strength, Effect of dielectric on
capacitance of capacitor. Capacitors in series and in parallel:
derivation of the equivalent capacitance for the above cases. Energy
stored in a Condenser, Effect of dielectric on Energy of Condenser,
Types of capacitors, their uses.
XXII.
CURRENT ELECTRICITY: Electric current – Flow of Electric
charges in a metallic conductor, Drift velocity and mobility,
Relation between electric current and drift velocity. Ohm’s
Law: Statement, Ohmic and Non-Ohmic elements with examples,
Conductance, Specific resistance, Variation of resistivity with
temperature, Variation of Resistance with temperature, Thermistor.
E.M.F. of Cell – Internal resistance and back E.M.F.,
Difference between EMF of a Cell and potential difference.
Electrical
energy, Power definition of kWh. Kirchhoff’s laws: Statement
of Kirchhoff’s voltage law, Kirchhoff’s current law,
their application to Wheatstone bridge, condition for balancing,
Meter bridge, Determination of resistance of a conductor using meter
bridge. Principle of Potentiometer determination of internal
resistance and E.M.F. of a cell using potentiometer. Series and
parallel combination of cells – Derivation of equivalent EMF
for the above cases.
XXIII.
THERMOELECTRICITY: Introduction- Seebeck effect, Peltier and Thomson
effects and their coefficients. Variation of themo EMF with
temperature, Neutral and Inversion Temperatures. Applications of
Thermo- Couple.
XXIV.
ELECTROMAGNETICS: Oersted’s Experiment, Biot – Savart
Law, Ampere’s Law, Magnetic field near a long straight wire and
magnetic field at the Center of a circular coil carrying current
(with derivations). Field on the axis of circular coil carrying
current (expression only). Tangent Galvanometer (TG), Principle and
working, Definition of Reduction Factor. Force on a moving charge in
a magnetic field, Force on a current carrying conductor placed in a
magnetic field, Force between two long straight parallel conductors
carrying current, Definition of Ampere, Fleming’s Left Hand
Rule, Current loop as a magnetic dipole, force and Torque on Current
loop in an uniform magnetic field, magnetic dipole moment of a
revolving electron. Principle, Construction and working of Moving
Coil Galvanometer (MCG), Converting MCG into ammeter and voltmeter,
comparison of MCG with TG. Electromagnetic induction, Magnetic Flux,
Induced EMF, Faraday’s and Lenz’s Laws. Fleming’s
Right Hand Rule, Self Inductance, Mutual Inductance, Principle of
Transformer.
Growth
& decay of current in L-R circuit with DC source, Growth and
decay of charge in R.C. Circuit connected to DC source, Equations
for charge on condenser – Current in inductor, Time constant,
Definition and its significance. Alternating current (A.C),
Introduction – Instantaneous, maximum and RMS value of A.C.
current, Alternating Voltage applied to a pure resistor, pure
inductor, pure capacitor, AC through C-R, L-R and L-C-R series
circuits.
XXV.
ATOMIC PHYSICS: Discovery of electron, e/m of electron by Thomson’s
method, Charge of the electron by Millikan’s Oil Drop Method
(Principle Only). Photo Electric Effect : Definition, Laws of
Photoelectric Emission, Einstein’s explanation of Photoelectric
effect, Einstein’s Photo electric equation and its experimental
verification by Milikan’s method. Photo Electric Cells, working
and uses. X- Rays- Production of X- Rays, Coolidge tube, X- ray
spectrum, Continuous X- Ray Spectra, Characteristic X – Ray
Spectra, Moseley’s Law and its importance. Compton effect
(Statement only), Dual nature of matter, deBroglie’s hypothesis
(concept only).
XXVI.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Composition and size of nucleus, mass defect and
binding energy and their relation (Explanation with examples).
Natural radio activity – alpha, beta and gamma radiations and
their properties, radio active decay law, half life and average life
of a radio active substance, Nuclear forces – Their Properties,
Artificial Transmutation of elements, Discovery of Neutron, Radio
Isotopes and their uses. Nuclear Fission, Chain Reaction, Principle
and Working of a Nuclear Reactor,Nuclear Radiation Hazards,
Protective shielding, Types of reactors – Breeder Reactor,
Power Reactor and their uses. Nuclear Fusion, Energy of Sun and
stars, Carbon – Nitrogen cycle and proton – proton cycle,
Elementary particles.
XXVI.
SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICES: Introduction- Intrinsic and extrinsic semi
conductors (n and p type). Junction diode, p-n junction, depletion
layer and barrier potential, Forward and Reverse bias, and Current
-voltage characteristics of junction diode, p –n Diode as half
wave and full wave rectifier (only qualitative treatment), Zener
Diode as a voltage regulator. Transistor Function of Emitter, Base
and Collector, p-n-p and n-p-n Transistors, Biasing of Transistors,
Current –Voltage Characteristics of Transistor in CE
configuration, Transistor as common emitter amplifier (qualitative
treatment), Logic Gates -OR, AND , NOT, NOR, NAND
XXVII.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Elements of communication systems (block
diagram only), Bandwidth of signals (Speech, TV and digital data),
bandwidth of Transmission medium. Popagation of electromagnetic waves
in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation, Modulation, Need
for modulation.
